In today's world, exposure to chemicals is virtually inescapable. From personal care products to home cleaning supplies, these substances are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Natalie Johnson, an environmental toxicologist at Texas A&M University School of Public Health, sheds light on the potential health risks associated with these chemicals and offers guidance on how to minimize exposure.
One of the most common sources of chemical exposure is personal care products. Parabens, sulfates, and oxybenzone are three of the main culprits when it comes to skin irritation. Parabens, used as preservatives in lotions and cosmetics, have been linked to endocrine disruption. Sulfates, found in shampoos, can strip hair of its natural oils. Oxybenzone, a key ingredient in sunscreens, is a suspected hormone disruptor that can be readily absorbed through the skin. While the FDA has deemed low-level exposure to these chemicals safe, Johnson suggests opting for paraben-free and sulfate-free products, as well as using alternative sun protection methods like hats and lightweight, long-sleeved garments.
In the home, cleaning products often contain volatile organic compounds that can negatively impact indoor air quality. VOCs are emitted as gases from various solids and liquids, including paints, aerosol sprays, cleaners, and room deodorizers. Exposure to VOCs can cause short- and long-term health effects, such as eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, nausea, and even damage to vital organs. To reduce exposure, Johnson recommends using fragrance-free and "green" cleaning products or making homemade cleaning solutions with vinegar.
The kitchen is another area where harmful chemicals may lurk. PFAS, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, such as Teflon, are used in nonstick cookware coatings. If scratched, these coatings can release chemicals into food during cooking. Some PFAS have been associated with negative developmental effects in children and an increased risk of certain cancers. While it's difficult to avoid all PFAS exposure, Johnson suggests using cast iron skillets as a nonstick alternative and cooking in well-ventilated areas.
Heavy metals like lead, mercury, and arsenic can also pose health risks, especially when found in water supplies. Public water systems are regularly tested, but private well users must pay for their own testing. Johnson recommends using a filtration system with a carbon filter to help eliminate these metals from drinking water.
Gardening and farming often involve the use of pesticides and herbicides, which can be harmful to pets, animals, and humans. Some studies have linked certain pesticides to developmental delays in children and neurodegenerative diseases. Farm workers who use large amounts of the herbicide glyphosate may develop respiratory issues or asthma. To reduce exposure, Johnson advises carefully reading and following product labels and consuming a combination of organic and non-organic foods.
While it's nearly impossible to avoid chemicals altogether, U.S. agencies like the Food and Drug Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency regularly review research, make recommendations, and regulate the use of harmful chemicals. Consumers can also take proactive steps to reduce their exposure by researching product ingredients and opting for safer alternatives. The Environmental Working Group, an independent nonprofit, offers a healthy living app that assesses over 120,000 products to help consumers identify safer options for personal use and the environment.
n a world filled with chemicals, it's crucial to stay informed and make conscious choices to protect our health and well-being. By understanding the potential risks and taking steps to minimize exposure, we can navigate the complex landscape of everyday toxicological quandaries with greater confidence and peace of mind.
