A smallpox epidemic has erupted in the region, causing significant concern among health professionals. Bosnia and Herzegovina is currently the hardest hit, with 7,000 registered cases since the outbreak began. Tragically, two teenagers from Sarajevo and Zenica have died due to the disease. The situation is being closely monitored as the epidemic threatens to spread to neighboring countries, including Serbia.
In Serbia, 181 cases of smallpox have been reported since the beginning of the year, according to the news outlet euronews.rs. The actual number of infections is likely higher, as the latest data from the Institute for Public Health Dr. Milan Jovanovic Batut was collected on July 7, 2024. The majority of cases have been identified in Belgrade (94 cases) and Novi Pazar (46 cases), with additional cases reported in cities such as Novi Sad, Bor, Valjevo, Vranje, Nis, Loznica, and Krupanj.
Health authorities are particularly alarmed by the outbreak in Novi Pazar, where vaccination rates are critically low. In 2022, only 29.7% of children in Novi Pazar received the MMR vaccine, which is far below the 95% vaccination rate required for effective herd immunity. This low vaccination coverage poses a significant risk for a more widespread outbreak, especially as children return to schools and kindergartens in September.
Since the first case of smallpox was detected in Serbia on February 7, 2024, the government has implemented stringent epidemiological surveillance measures. These measures include mandatory reporting of suspected smallpox cases, laboratory testing, isolation and treatment of infected individuals, and thorough contact tracing. An extraordinary audit of vaccination records has been conducted in all health centers to identify and immunize unvaccinated children promptly.
The response from health authorities has been swift and comprehensive. Parents of unvaccinated children are being urged to bring their children for immunization to prevent further spread of the disease. The Institute for Public Health Dr. Milan Jovanovic Batut is leading the efforts to manage the epidemic, emphasizing the importance of vaccination and public awareness.
The escalating smallpox situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina serves as a stark reminder of the potential severity of the outbreak. With thousands of cases and fatalities already reported, the focus is on preventing a similar scenario in Serbia. Health professionals are working tirelessly to contain the virus and protect the population, particularly vulnerable groups such as children.
The regional epidemic underscores the critical need for high vaccination coverage and robust public health measures. As the situation develops, continued vigilance and cooperation among health authorities, parents, and the community will be essential in mitigating the impact of the smallpox epidemic and preventing further loss of life.
