Salk Institute scientists have achieved a remarkable feat in the field of neuroscience by developing sonogenetics, a technique that harnesses sound waves to selectively activate groups of neurons in mammalian cells. This cutting-edge approach marks a significant advancement in the realm of cellular manipulation, offering new possibilities for non-invasive medical treatments.
The research team, led by senior author Sreekanth Chalasani, successfully engineered mammalian cells to respond to ultrasound stimulation. By activating human cells in vitro and brain cells in living mice, they have demonstrated the feasibility of using ultrasound as a tool for targeted cellular control. This development holds promise for applications such as deep brain stimulation, pacemakers, and insulin pumps.
A decade ago, Chalasani introduced the concept of sonogenetics, which involves using ultrasonic waves to stimulate specific genetically marked cells. Through meticulous experimentation, the team identified TRPA1, a sound-sensitive mammalian protein that renders cells responsive to ultrasound at a frequency of 7 MHz. This discovery opens up new avenues for manipulating cells deep within the body using safe and penetrative ultrasound technology.
The researchers conducted an extensive screening process, testing hundreds of proteins to identify the optimal candidate for ultrasound sensitivity. After a rigorous selection process spanning nearly 300 candidates, TRPA1 emerged as the key protein capable of conferring ultrasound responsiveness to human cells. This breakthrough sheds light on the potential of TRPA1 to revolutionize medical interventions through non-invasive cellular activation.
Moving forward, the team plans to delve deeper into understanding the mechanisms underlying TRPA1's ultrasound sensitivity. By unraveling the intricacies of this process, they aim to enhance the sensitivity of TRPA1 for future research and clinical applications. Additionally, the researchers intend to explore proteins that can inhibit cellular activity in response to ultrasound, further expanding the scope of sonogenetics in medical practice.
